DEAR TIM: I know I need an attic fan to cool my hot attic. But there are many different types of attic fans. Should I consider a solar attic fan or some other attic exhaust fans? What type of attic fan do you use? How much air do I need to move through my attic to make a significant difference in the temperature? How important are soffit vents in this system? Pam W., Green Bay, WI
DEAR PAM: Attic fans are an effective tool to use to help lower excessive attic temperatures. As you might imagine, I have used many different types of fans, and have formulated opinions based upon experience and some accurate data I have collected over the years.
I believe the first thing to realize is that it takes massive amounts of air moving through an attic to create significant cooling. Farmers who raise chickens can attest to this as the buildings and barns that house chickens are usually equipped with massive fans that move tens of thousands of cubic feet per minute (CFM) of air. Even then, it is almost impossible to drop the temperature to that of the air temperature outdoors.
The heat that is released is infrared energy that passes through air and starts to heat up solid objects like the insulation and anything stored in the attic. To cool these things down, the heat needs to be transferred to something else that can store the heat. The only thing available is the water in the air that is moving through the attic.
I am currently testing a specific solar attic fan. I have two identical units installed in my attic. The solar panels get sunlight until mid-afternoon. At that point my entire roof is in the shade created by two massive trees. Unfortunately these two fans have not done anything to reduce the attic temperature. The day before I installed them it was a cloudless day and the attic temperature at Noon was 129 F. When both fans are operating at Noon, the temperature has never been below 128 F. Each fan claims to move 800 CFM of air. The fan blades do spin rapidly, and I have good soffit intakes as well as windows in my attic that allow air to freely enter the attic space.
The trouble with solar attic fans is they stop working as soon as a cloud blocks the sunlight. On partly-cloudy days, the temperature can be beastly hot, and the fan blades simply stand still for much of the time. After the sun goes down, the attic can still be stifling hot, and there is no hope of air movement since the sun is not powering the fans.
Powered attic fans that get a constant supply of household electric will move lots of air. But you need to have quite a few operating to feel a difference. Many of these fans are equipped with thermostats so they will turn on and off automatically. This is a handy feature that saves energy.
You can install wind-powered turbine vents as well. When the wind blows hard, these fans can exhaust lots of air. But since the performance is tied to the wind speed, you can't count on these to work at peak performance in the hottest part of the day.
You need great soffit vents to supply the attic with all of the replacement air. Powerful fans that are exhausting air from your attic work best when they can get ample amounts of makeup or replacement air from outdoors. The lack of soffit vents may cause the fans to draw air up from the inside of your home. If you are running air conditioning, this can cost you dearly as your air conditioner will work harder to keep your home comfortable.
I have come to the conclusion that it is impossible to have too much attic ventilation. But achieving this can be a challenge aesthetically. Many people do not want the surface of their roofs cluttered with fan housings, or twirling vents. Those people who have experienced hurricanes will be the first to tell you that any hole in a roof is very problematic when the wind starts to howl relentlessly for hours.
There is no silver-bullet solution when it comes to attic fans. There are models that work best in certain parts of the nation and this same fan may do a poor job in another geographic area. Your house may not be sited well for solar or wind-powered solutions.
Those fans that are powered by household electricity probably hold the best promise as they will move tremendous amounts of air and do so until the attic temperature has dropped significantly. Your challenge will be installing enough of them to keep your attic temperature just above the outdoor temperature on the hottest day of the season.
